Superior orbital fissure
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The superior orbital fissure is a foramen in the skull, although strictly it is more of a cleft, lying between the lesser and greater wings of the sphenoid bone.
Bone: Superior orbital fissure

Contents
1 Structures passing through
1 Foramen ethmoidale, 2 Canalis opticus, 3 Fissura orbitalis superior, 4 Fossa sacci lacrimalis, 5 Sulcus infraorbitalis, 6 Fissura orbitalis inferior, 7 Foramen infraorbitale
2 Pathology
2.1 Superior orbital fissure syndrome

3 Additional images
4 See also
5 References
6 External links
Structures passing through
[edit]
A number of important anatomical structures pass through the fissure, and these can be damaged in orbital trauma, particularly blowout fractures through the floor of the orbit into the maxillary sinus. These structures are:
Dissection showing origins of right ocular muscles, and nerves entering by the superior orbital fissure.
Latin
fissura orbitalis superior
Gray's
subject #201 900
superior and inferior divisions of oculomotor nerve (III)
trochlear nerve (IV)
lacrimal, frontal and nasociliary branches of ophthalmic nerve (V1)
abducens nerve (VI)
superior and inferior divisions of ophthalmic vein. Inferior division also passes through the inferior orbital fissure.
sympathetic fibers from cavernous plexus
These include nonvisual sensory messages, such as pain, or motor nerves. They also serve as vascular connections. [1]
The nerves passing through the fissure can be remembered with the mnemonic, "Live Frankly To See Absolutely No Insult" - for Lacrimal, Frontal, Trochlear, Superior Division of Oculomotor, Abducens, Nasociliary and Inferior Division of Oculomotor nerve. [2]

It is divided into 3 parts from lateral to medial: Lateral Part transmits: lacrimal nerve, frontal nerve, trochlear nerve, meningeal branch of lacrimal artery, anastomotic branch of middle meningeal artery which anastomoses with recurrent branch of the lacrimal artery Middle Part transmits: Upper and lower divisions of the oculomotor nerve, nasociliary nerve between the two divisions of oculomotor nerve and abducent nerve Medial Part transmits: Superior ophthalmic vein and sympathetic nerves from the plexus around internal carotid artery
Human skull from front and behind with calvarium removed. White area in posterior of orbital cavity is the superior orbital fissure.
Pathology
[edit]
The abducens nerve is most likely to show signs of damage first, with the most common complaints retro-orbital pain and the involvement of cranial nerves III, IV, V1, and VI without other neurological signs or symptoms. This presentation indicates either compression of structures in the superior orbital fissure or the cavernous sinus.
Superior orbital fissure syndrome
[edit]
Superior orbital fissure syndrome, also known as Rochon-Duvigneaud's syndrome, [3][4] is a neurological disorder that results if the superior orbital fissure is fractured. Involvement of the cranial nerves that pass through the superior orbital fissure may lead to diplopia, paralysis of extraocular motions, exophthalmos, and ptosis. Blindness or loss of vision indicates involvement of the orbital apex, which is more serious, requiring urgent surgical intervention. Typically, if blindness is present with superior orbital syndrome, it is called orbital apex syndrome.
Additional images
[edit]


Sphenoid bone. Upper surface
Sphenoid bone. Upper and posterior surfaces


Photo of skull with major foramina labeled
The skull from the front
[edit]
Foramina of skull
Inferior orbital fissure
References
[edit]
^ "eye, human."Encyclopædia Britannica from Encyclopædia Britannica 2006 Ultimate Reference Suite DVD
^ "Superior orbital fissure: Structures passing through". LifeH
Monday, June 27, 2011
Friday, June 24, 2011
Six Rules
Six Things Which Weaken the Relationship
1. MisBehaving
2. Ignoring
3. Lying
4. Breaking Promises
5. Avoiding contact
6. Doubting
Six Things Which Strengthen the Relationship
1. Good Attitude
2. Helping
3. Trusting
4. Respecting
5. Entertaining
6. Forgiving Mistakes
1. MisBehaving
2. Ignoring
3. Lying
4. Breaking Promises
5. Avoiding contact
6. Doubting
Six Things Which Strengthen the Relationship
1. Good Attitude
2. Helping
3. Trusting
4. Respecting
5. Entertaining
6. Forgiving Mistakes
To the one I love.
You are the beat of my Heart,
Lover of my Soul,
I'll never leave you and
Never wanna let you go.
You are the beat of my Heart,
The one that make me Sing,
The one that makes me Smile and
I never seen cry.
You are the beat of my Heart,
The one I really love,
Don't let me out of your Sight,
For I'm your by Heart.
Lover of my Soul,
I'll never leave you and
Never wanna let you go.
You are the beat of my Heart,
The one that make me Sing,
The one that makes me Smile and
I never seen cry.
You are the beat of my Heart,
The one I really love,
Don't let me out of your Sight,
For I'm your by Heart.
Tuesday, June 14, 2011
How to be Yourself
Learning how to be yourself and feel genuinely comfortable is the first step towards living a happy and meaningful life. In easy to read language, psychologist Jane Briscoe delivers an empowering collection of techniques in her new book How To Be Yourself, combining the use of acceptance and commitment therapy, positive psychology, hypnotherapy and mindfulness, all designed to help you:
-
Understand exactly who you are and how the human mind works
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Identify and embrace your values, strengths and personality style
-
Reduce stress, worry and insecurities
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Overcome the fear of judgement
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Handle difficult and painful thoughts effectively
What Is a Prayer?
What is Prayer? – Talking With God
What is prayer? Prayer is our direct line with heaven. Prayer is a communication process that allows us to talk to God! He wants us to communicate with Him, like a person-to-person phone call. Cell phones and other devices have become a necessity to some people in today’s society. We have bluetooth devices, blackberries, and talking computers! These are means of communication that allow two or more people to interact, discuss, and respond to one another.
To many people, prayer seems complicated, but it is simply talking to God. Here are some points about what prayer is:
What is Prayer? – The Logistics
Many people question what is prayer because they desire to pray, but don’t know how. Consider these tips:
What Do I Say? Praying is like talking to your best friend! It’s easy to talk to someone when you know they love you unconditionally!
Ask Jesus to forgive you of your sins and make you new in Him! “Now turn from your sins and turn to God, so you can be cleansed of your sins” (Acts 3:19).
Tell Him your needs! “Give all your worries and cares to God, for he cares about what happens to you” (1 Peter 5:7).
Thank Him, for He died on the cross at Calvary for us! “For God so loved the world that he gave his only Son, so that everyone who believes in him will not perish but have eternal life” (John 3:16).
How Do I Say It? Here’s how I have learned to approach the Savior of my life.
With confidence and belief that He will deliver: “Because of Christ and our faith in him, we can now come fearlessly into God's presence, assured of his glad welcome” (Ephesians 3:12). “So let us come boldly to the throne of our gracious God. There we will receive his mercy, and we will find grace to help us when we need it” (Hebrews 4:16).
With joy that He can deliver. “You have shown me the way of life, and you will give me wonderful joy in your presence” (Acts 2:28).
With expectation that He is going to deliver. “Listen to my voice in the morning, LORD. Each morning I bring my requests to you and wait expectantly” (Psalm 5:3). “I am praying to you because I know you will answer, O God. Bend down and listen as I pray” (Psalm 17:6).
What is Prayer? - What Does the Bible Say?
Pray for each other. Jesus set an example for us on what to pray. He prayed for His disciples and for every generation to come that would follow Him. His prayer was that God protect and strengthen them as long as they were in this world. Jesus also prayed for those who would come to believe in Him through the Gospel message (John 17).
Pray with faith. “So, you see, it is impossible to please God without faith. Anyone who wants to come to him must believe that there is a God and that he rewards those who sincerely seek him” (Hebrews 11:6).
Pray with worship and reverence. “Exalt the LORD our God! Bow low before his feet, for he is holy!” (Psalm 99:5). “‘Yes, Lord,’ the man said, ‘I believe!’ And he worshiped Jesus” (John 9:38).
You will know with confidence that God can hear you when you pray, so open that line of communication! Pray, knowing that no matter how far you roam, your connection with Him can never be lost!
“I pray that your love for each other will overflow more and more, and that you will keep on growing in your knowledge and understanding” (Philippians 1:9).
What is prayer? Prayer is our direct line with heaven. Prayer is a communication process that allows us to talk to God! He wants us to communicate with Him, like a person-to-person phone call. Cell phones and other devices have become a necessity to some people in today’s society. We have bluetooth devices, blackberries, and talking computers! These are means of communication that allow two or more people to interact, discuss, and respond to one another.
To many people, prayer seems complicated, but it is simply talking to God. Here are some points about what prayer is:
What is Prayer? – The Logistics
Many people question what is prayer because they desire to pray, but don’t know how. Consider these tips:
What Do I Say? Praying is like talking to your best friend! It’s easy to talk to someone when you know they love you unconditionally!
Ask Jesus to forgive you of your sins and make you new in Him! “Now turn from your sins and turn to God, so you can be cleansed of your sins” (Acts 3:19).
Tell Him your needs! “Give all your worries and cares to God, for he cares about what happens to you” (1 Peter 5:7).
Thank Him, for He died on the cross at Calvary for us! “For God so loved the world that he gave his only Son, so that everyone who believes in him will not perish but have eternal life” (John 3:16).
How Do I Say It? Here’s how I have learned to approach the Savior of my life.
With confidence and belief that He will deliver: “Because of Christ and our faith in him, we can now come fearlessly into God's presence, assured of his glad welcome” (Ephesians 3:12). “So let us come boldly to the throne of our gracious God. There we will receive his mercy, and we will find grace to help us when we need it” (Hebrews 4:16).
With joy that He can deliver. “You have shown me the way of life, and you will give me wonderful joy in your presence” (Acts 2:28).
With expectation that He is going to deliver. “Listen to my voice in the morning, LORD. Each morning I bring my requests to you and wait expectantly” (Psalm 5:3). “I am praying to you because I know you will answer, O God. Bend down and listen as I pray” (Psalm 17:6).
What is Prayer? - What Does the Bible Say?
Pray for each other. Jesus set an example for us on what to pray. He prayed for His disciples and for every generation to come that would follow Him. His prayer was that God protect and strengthen them as long as they were in this world. Jesus also prayed for those who would come to believe in Him through the Gospel message (John 17).
Pray with faith. “So, you see, it is impossible to please God without faith. Anyone who wants to come to him must believe that there is a God and that he rewards those who sincerely seek him” (Hebrews 11:6).
Pray with worship and reverence. “Exalt the LORD our God! Bow low before his feet, for he is holy!” (Psalm 99:5). “‘Yes, Lord,’ the man said, ‘I believe!’ And he worshiped Jesus” (John 9:38).
You will know with confidence that God can hear you when you pray, so open that line of communication! Pray, knowing that no matter how far you roam, your connection with Him can never be lost!
“I pray that your love for each other will overflow more and more, and that you will keep on growing in your knowledge and understanding” (Philippians 1:9).
How i started in this world.
Ndandalo, Kyela in Mbeya Region is where my life started as Tunsubilege Brown Sandube *my mother) brought me in this world. George Jubeck Mwakyusa is my father.
I started my Primary education at Ndandalo primary school 1994 and completed my primary education in 2000.
In 2001 i joined Kyela secondary school for my Secondary studies where i graduated my certificate in 2004, there after managed to pass in my PCB combination studies and joined Ndanda High School for the Advanced certificate of secondary studies for two years, from 2005 to 2007.
After graduating at Ndanda high school, on may 2007 i joined Teaching Induction course that was conducted by the government to cover the shortage of teachers in the country, i was selected to take my induction course for four weeks at Msasani Teacher's college at Tukuyu.On june the same year i started my first Employment from the Ministry of Education and Vocational Training allocated at Iwiji secondary school aT Rural mbeya district. Two months later i decided to join Muhimbili University for my first medical degree, until this time am student at Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences.
I started my Primary education at Ndandalo primary school 1994 and completed my primary education in 2000.
In 2001 i joined Kyela secondary school for my Secondary studies where i graduated my certificate in 2004, there after managed to pass in my PCB combination studies and joined Ndanda High School for the Advanced certificate of secondary studies for two years, from 2005 to 2007.
After graduating at Ndanda high school, on may 2007 i joined Teaching Induction course that was conducted by the government to cover the shortage of teachers in the country, i was selected to take my induction course for four weeks at Msasani Teacher's college at Tukuyu.On june the same year i started my first Employment from the Ministry of Education and Vocational Training allocated at Iwiji secondary school aT Rural mbeya district. Two months later i decided to join Muhimbili University for my first medical degree, until this time am student at Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences.
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